Manipulation Biomechanics
Essential Literature
DO PARTICIPANTS WITH LOW BACK PAIN WHO RESPOND TO SPINAL MANIPULATIVE THERAPY DIFFER BIOMECHANICALLY FROM NONRESPONDERS, UNTREATED CONTROLS OR ASYMPTOMATIC CONTROLS?
Wong et.al 2015
Conclusion:
Those reporting post-SMT improvement in disability demonstrated simultaneous changes between self-reported and objective measures of spinal function. This coherence did not exist for asymptomatic controls or no-treatment controls. These data imply that SMT impacts biomechanical characteristics within SMT responders not present in all patients with LBP. This work provides a foundation to investigate the heterogeneous nature of LBP, mechanisms underlying differential therapeutic response, and the biomechanical and imaging characteristics defining responders at baseline.
Investigation of coupled bending of the lumbar spine during dynamic axial rotation of the body
Shin et.al 2013
Conclusion:
This study demonstrated that a dynamic lumbar axial rotation coupling with lateral bendings is segment-dependent and can create a coordinated dynamic coupling to maintain the global dynamic balance of the body. The results could improve our understanding of the normal physiologic lumbar axial rotation and to establish guidelines for diagnosing pathological lumbar motion.
Basic Science Research Related Chiropractic Spinal Adjusting
Gregory Cramer et al. 2006
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The summaries of the literature for the 6 topic sections (anatomy, biomechanics, somatic nervous system, animal models, immune system, and human studies related to the autonomic nervous system) indicated that a significant body of basic science research evaluating chiropractic spinal adjusting has been completed and published.
The Frictional Properties at the Skin-Fascia interface
Bereznick et. al. 2002
Conclusion:
The skin–fascia interface over the thoracic spine exhibits negligible friction. This suggests that efforts to apply an oblique force during thoracic manipulation may be wasted effort. These novel results then challenge the concept that directional specificity during spine manipulation is required to generate desirable therapeutic outcome.